<"The Poetry of Yom Kippur"

The ritual of the Yom Kippur Temple service is very rich indeed. It is described in great detail as part of the Yom Kippur liturgy known as the Avodah. The Avodah includes the ritual of the scapegoat in which a lottery determines the fate of two identical he-goats. One is sent to the wilderness, the other is sacrificed to G-d. This ritual is intended to convey to the people the important choices that each of us has laid out before us.

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"Sukkot- The Festival of Joy"

The holiday of Sukkot, known as the "Festival of Joy" was renowned in ancient times for its most festive celebration of Simchat Beit Hashoeva, the festival of the water libation. Around the year 95 B.C.E. when the King of Judea, Alexander Yannai, attempted to change the ritual of water libation, he was pelted by the traditionalists, leading to a massacre of many of the celebrants. While even the minute detail of the Sukkot rituals were sacred to the ancients, most contemporary Jews fail to celebrate Sukkot in any manner, and know absolutely nothing of this very special joyous festival.


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"The Curse of Ham; The Blessing of Shem and Yafet"

The books of the Torah are filled with superb narratives, each one surpassing the next. The story of the flood is followed by the story of Noah planting a vineyard, resulting in the curse of his son, Ham, along with Noah’s grandson, Canaan, and the blessing of Noah’s sons, Shem and Yafet. What is the meaning of the blessing of Yafet, and how is it meant to impact on Shem’s descendants--the Jewish people?


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"The Souls That Were Made in Haran"

In this week’s parasha we read of Abram’s journey from Haran to Canaan. Abram not only takes his family and his belongings to Canaan, but also the “souls that he had made in Haran.” The rabbis offer a number of interpretations of who or what these “souls” are. The big question however remains: What ever happened to those “souls”?


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"Choosing The Right Neighbors"

In parashat Vayeira, Abraham moves from Elonei Mamrei to Gerar. Our rabbis wonder why. Abraham's move can be instructive to us in our efforts to select the proper community in which to live.


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"A Match Made in Haran"

Why was Abraham so insistent that his son Isaac not leave the land of Canaan? Why was it necessary for the new bride to commit herself to Isaac without ever seeing him or meeting his actual family?


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"The Unanswered Prayer"

Rebecca is barren, and she and Isaac pray for a child. Scripture tells us that G-d responds to Isaac’s prayer and Rebecca becomes pregnant. What happened to Rebecca’s prayer?


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"Dissing G-d"

G-d instructs Jacob to get up and leave Laban’s house. Instead of departing post haste, Jacob consults with his wives, and then decides to leave. Is this a direct affront to G-d?


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"The Lonely Patriarch"

Before the fateful encounter between Jacob and Esau, scripture notes that Jacob remained alone. What is the cause of Jacob’s aloneness, and what is the meaning of Jacob’s loneliness for Jacob and for future generations?


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<"What's in a Name"

Parashat Vayeishev contains the extraordinary story of Joseph and his brethren. At perhaps the most dramatic moment, the story suddenly pauses. A new saga of Judah’s falling-out with his family is told. This saga is communicated not only by the words of the text, but also by a careful analysis of the names of Judah’s sons, which have much to reveal to us.

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<"A Jew Rises to Power"

Pharaoh is faced with the dilemma of appointing Joseph, a Jew, over all of Egypt. Troubled by the choice, he eventually hearkens to the advice of the insightful adage: “Better a wise enemy, than a foolish friend.”.

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<"Two of the Seventy Souls"

The Torah lists 70 descendants of Jacob who entered Egypt. Two names seem to be out of place among the 70 "souls" that are recorded: Serach, the daughter of Asher, and Shaul, the son of the Canaanite woman. Who were these unusual people, and why were they singled out?

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<"Lessons in Child Rearing from the Patriarch Jacob"

It is surprising, to say the least, to find an important principle of child rearing and education attributed by rabbinic sources to the actions of Jacob. Nevertheless, it is Jacob of all the patriarchs, who sires twelve righteous and loyal sons.

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"The Etiquette of Evil"

The Ramban brilliantly responds to the question of why Pharaoh needed to deal shrewdly and in an a roundabout manner with the “Jewish Problem” of his time, rather than deal with it in a forthright and forceful manner.


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"Even a Hardened Heart has a Silver Lining"

The fact that G-d hardens the heart of Pharaoh presents many theological issues. But what is often overlooked, is that as a result of Pharaoh hardening his heart, the Jews achieved full liberation from Egypt, rather than to go out to the wilderness, worship G-d there for three days and have to return to Egypt.


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"Learning by Teaching"

The Al-mighty tells Moses to approach Pharaoh so that He may show His wonders to Pharaoh and to the people of Egypt. Scripture tells us however that another important purpose of Moses’ encounter with Pharaoh is that the Jewish people will know that the Lord is G-d, so that they will be able to communicate their faith to future generations. There is no more effective method of learning than through teaching.


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"I Have Been Waiting For Them"

The Midrash says that G-d had helped people before but none had sung words of praise until the People of Israel uttered their song at the sea. When G-d heard their song He responded: “I have been waiting for them.” G-d is still waiting...for us.


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"Will Our Children be Our Guarantors?"

The Midrash Tanchuma states that before He gave the Torah to the People of Israel, the Al-mighty insisted on guarantors. When the patriarchs were offered as guarantors, they were rejected. Only when the children of Israel were offered, did G-d accept. If our children are to effectively serve as guarantors, they must receive an intensive Jewish education of the highest quality.


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"The Hebrew Maidservant is Alive and Well"

The law of the Hebrew maidservant seems to be particularly antiquated and irrelevant in contemporary times. Nevertheless, there is not only much that we learn from it, but the law of the maidservant actually provides the basis for an important aspect of contemporary marital relations.


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"G-d’s Love Letters"

The “obsessive” focus on the details of the erecting of the Tabernacle often seems overwhelming. In truth, however these details convey profound messages to us, and should be properly viewed as “love letters” from G-d that are to be found in each verse. They, therefore, need to be properly studied for new and profound message each time they are read.


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"Details, Details and More Details"

The overwhelming emphasis on detail continues in Parashat Terumah, reopening the ongoing debate of “form” and “function.” While all agree that function is preeminent, many emphasize that form is meant to help improve function, raise intensity during prayer and worship and enhance the awareness of Sanctity.

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"G-d’s Love Letters"

The Torah in parashat Ki Tisah calls upon each adult male Jew to donate a half shekel to the Tabernacle. Ostensibly, the purpose is to count the number of soldiers who were available for service in the army. However, the half shekel has many symbolic meanings that are remarkably relevant even today.

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"The Perils of Leadership”"

While leadership comes with many perks, honors and often extraordinary rewards, leadership has great perils and is often a no-win situation. At least thats the way our commentators portray the perils of leadership of the ancient princes of the tribe in their donations to the Tabernacle.
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"Balancing Heart and Mind"

There is almost nothing more exacting in Jewish law and life than the procedures that are required when offering sacrifices. And yet, the Torah emphasizes the need to give of one’s inner self, one’s heart, in order to properly complement the precision that is so vital to proper fulfillment of the sacrificial process.
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"Karayt--The Dreaded Heavenly Punishment"

There is nothing more dreaded in the Torah than the punishment of Karayt--excision. The nature of this punishment and upon whom is it visited is a matter of broad dispute among the commentaries, leaving many questions unanswered. The great fear of this punishment, however, brings many to think twice before doing evil.
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"Hitting Bottom"

The Zohar says that the Jewish people in Egypt had reached the 49th of 50 levels of impurity. One more level and the Israelites would have been irretrievable--unfit for redemption. Why did G-d wait so long and not redeem them sooner?
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"Never Again!-Again"

As Yom Hashoah is marked, we think about the slogan “Never Again” and our pledge to never allow the wholesale destruction of the Jewish People to take place again. Unfortunately, it is happening again--this time through a silent spiritual Holocaust.
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"The Conundrum of Childbirth"

The Torah in parashat Tazria declares that after the birth of a male child, a woman is in a state of ritual impurity for seven days followed by a state of ritual purity for 33 days. After the birth of a female child, the birth mother is in a state of ritual impurity for 14 days, followed by a state of ritual purity for 66 days. Our rabbis are perplexed by the law that a woman should be in a state of ritual impurity at all after giving birth to a child, and why the numbers of days of impurity and purity are doubled for a female child as opposed to the birth of a male child.
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"Beards and Payos"

In the second of this week’s combined parashiot, Acharei Mot-Kedoshim, we learn of the prohibition of rounding the hair below the temples by the ear and of shaving the beard with a razor. What are the reasons for these prohibitions, and what are their implications?
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"Waiting Until the Eighth Day"

The Torah states in Leviticus 22:27 that an animal must be at least eight days old before it may be offered for sacrifice. The commentators propose a host of original and interesting rationale to explain the purpose of this particular rule, underscoring the importance of the nuances that we derive from the textual study of the verses of the Torah.
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"“Reward and Punishment”"

Parashat Bechukotai speaks of the rewards and punishments that the People of Israel will merit or suffer for adhering or not adhering to G-d’s word. The commentators ask why there seems to be an emphasis on only material rewards like rain and peace, rather than spiritual rewards such as coming close to G-d. How does Divine accountability operate?
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"The Tribe of Levi--the Master Enablers"

A major portion of parashat B’midbar, as well as Naso and Beha’alotecha, focuses in on the role of the tribe of Levi. Why all this emphasis on Levites? Who were they, and how did they become the most important tribe of Israel in spiritual matters?
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"The Tribe of Dan Traveled Last"

In parashat Beha'alotecha we learn that the tribe of Dan served as the "ma'ah'sayf," the rear guard, of all the twelve tribes when they traveled in the wilderness. According to the commentators, the Danites gathered up items lost by other tribes as well as stragglers who fell behind. Nevertheless, despite this promising beginning, the destiny of the tribe of Dan was to become a tribe of idolaters and sinners, who were eventually exiled together with the ten lost tribes. How did the tribe of Dan, with such a noble beginning, have such a sad and ignoble conclusion?
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"The Ma’ah’peelimi>: Forcing Their Way Into the Promised Land”

Because of the evil reports of the ten scouts recorded in parashat Shelach, G-d decrees that the generation of the wilderness shall not enter the land of Israel. Nevertheless, the next morning, a large group of people arise early to force their way up the mountain toward Canaan and are smitten by the Amalekites and the Canaanites. These rebels are known as the “Ma’ah’pee’lim.” Why were they not allowed into the land of Israel, and why were they punished so severely?
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"The Excesses of Rationality”

Parashat Chukat, which features the obtuse law of the Red Heifer, comes hard on the heels of Parashat Korach, the rebellion of Korach and his cohorts. The Midrash portrays at least part of Korach’s rebellion as being due to his demand that everything be understood and completely rational. Chukat comes to teach that it is not the opinion of the people that determines the truth of Judaism, but rather the opinion of G-d, Torah and Moses--even though it may not be rational, such as the Red Heifer.
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"The Enemy Within”

Who were Balak and Bilaam? According to Midrashic sources they are both descended from Abraham’s family. Balak was the son of Lot, while Bilaam was Laban’s son, and brother to Rachel and Leah. Jewish history has a long pattern of evil emanating from good and good emanating from evil. What accounts for this perplexing pattern?
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"Rosh Chodesh, the Modest Holiday”

The two concluding chapters of Parashat Pinchas detail the supplementary offerings that were brought on festivals and holidays. Included in this list is the offering for Rosh Chodesh, the New Moon. The New Moon plays a crucial symbolic role for the Jewish people. It was the establishment of the calendar based on the New Moon that made it possible for the Jewish people to continue their observances, despite our enemies’ unremitting efforts to undermine them.
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"Vindicated Before G-d and Before People”

When the tribes of Reuben and Gad (and later half of Menashe) decided to stay on the eastern side of the Jordan, Moses suspected rebellion on the part of the people and feared that it may lead to tragedy. When Moses is convinced that the tribes intend to do their share in the battle against the Canaanites, he agrees to let them stay on the eastern side of the Jordan. Moses tells the tribes that if they do their share in the battle, “they will be vindicated before G-d and before Israel.” What does this notion of vindication mean?
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"Vindicated Before G-d and Before People”

The prophet Isaiah states that Zion will be redeemed through justice. It is no accident therefore that the Torah portion read before Tisha Ba’Av, the fast of the 9th of Av, opens with an exhortation about honesty in judgment. The establishment of the Sanhedrin, the High Court of Jewish law, is meant to serve as a paradigm of justice, leading to the rebuilding of Jerusalem, soon in our days.
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"May We Test G-d?”

In parashat Va’etchanan we seem to be given a very strong admonition prohibiting the testing of G-d. Why is this so? Are there any exceptions to this rule?
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"Swearing in G-d’s name”

It’s intriguing to see how the commentators dispute what seems to be a simple verse in parashat Eikev, Deuteronomy 10:20 that states "and by His name shall you swear." Maimonides sees it as a positive mitzvah, Nachmanides sees it as a negative mitzvah prohibiting the use of G-d’s name. The commentators struggle to explain the differences between these two great authorities and the subtle implications of swearing or not swearing in G-d’s name.
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"Prohibition Against Excessive Grief”

In parashat Re’eh the Torah warns Jews not to mourn excessively--not to cut themselves or pull out their hair as a sign of mourning for the dead. Judaism’s unique view of death and the deceased’s relationship with the Heavenly Father is a great source of comfort to mourners, underscoring the senselessness of causing physical pain to those who remain behind.
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"The King of Israel: The Privileged and Obligated Monarch”

In parashat Shoftim we read about the appointment of a king for the people in the land of Israel. Is this appointment optional or required? What rules “govern” the king? What kind of government does Judaism advocate--a theocracy, a monarchy or a democracy?
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"Concern for the Property of Others”

Among the many mitzvot featured in parashat Kee Teitzei is the mitzvah of restoring lost objects to their rightful owners. Although it seems to be a basic common-sense commandment, it is still listed in the Torah as a definitive commandment because of the great effort often required to restore lost objects. Greed and laziness may also deter some from the proper fulfillment of this important mitzvah.
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"Can the Promise of G-d Keep the People Holy?”

Before delivering the admonition, Moses conveys the blessings of G-d to the Jewish people, including the blessing that G-d will establish His people to be a holy nation to Him. The Haamek Davar sees these words as G-d’s promise to protect those who are faithful to Him, even though they may be involved in mundane communal affairs. Is this blessing a foolproof guarantee?
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"The Choosing People”

According to Dr. Yisrael Eldad the greatest of all the blessings bestowed on the humankind is the ability to choose. This is what gives meaning to the human life and elevates it above all other creations. It is not so much how we make our living that determines our worth. It is how we live our lives that has the power to render us to be of infinite value.
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